VETERINARY HISTORY TIME LINE
BEFORE 1900
I hope that the following time line will interest you. For me, researching this subject, has more than anything, made me very grateful to live in the modern world. As you scan the items in the time line, imagine what it must have been like to live in a place and time without modern medicine, modern sanitation, and when most pets (and many humans) died young of worms, parasites, and disease. And that was accepted as normal.
Early Chinese Writings: Traditional Chinese Medicine was practised before 1766 BC but the first medical text was the Nei Ching Su Wen (Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine), c. 300BC. The Nei Ching detailed the AP system as well as other medical knowledge. Horses were very important and "horse priests" practised their trade from at least 1766 BC. Many texts on veterinary medicine were written in the period 221 BC to 1608 AD.
Ancient Greece: Presereved writings indicate an interest in animal diseases.
Cato (c 200 BC): Roman agricultural writer who recommended the use of olive oil dregs, lupine extract and good wine for sheep scab.
Time of Christ: Various written records that mention the treatment of horses. Fairly detailed diagrams of horse anatomy and acupunture points from China. It is said that horse anatomy/acupuncture books in China predate human acupunture maps because horses were so much more valuable than people.
Columella: (c 70 AD) thought that it was better to get rid of suppuration with the surgeon's knife, rather than with medication, and then to wash the wound with warm ox urine and bind it up with linen bandages soaked in liquid pitch and oil. Even at this early time it was obviously appreciated that an infected wound would not heal without first removing infected tissue.
Gaston Phoebus (1387-8): in his Le Livre de Chasse, devoted two chapters to the care of hounds. Wounds were not sutured and only bite wounds were treated. These were covered with raw wool drenched in olive oil, the dressings being changed every day for three days. The wound was then left open to the fresh air and the healing effect of the dog's tongue. This would have been a reasonably effective treatment as lanolin (present in raw wool) and oil have an emollient as well as a light anaesthetic and antiseptic effect.
Renaissance: inventors and scientists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Ruini were just two of several contributors to the advancement of equine dentistry;
Some advancements included surgical descriptions about how to cut the lip of a horse to better accommodate the bit.
Information was passed between horse traders, farmers, and commoners.
Deception in the horse trading business blossomed as owners learned how to alter their horse's dentition to mimic the tooth shapes and characteristics of younger horses. This art of creative grinding became a crime.
Leonard Mascall 1605: First Booke of Cattell; under the heading of 'Impostumes in beastes to helpe', advised to 'open the place with an yron, and when it is cut, then shall yet crush forth all the ill humour and matter therein'. He next suggested washing the wound with warm wine to cleanse it and using a mixture of 'Cherpi, (so called in French)', 'tarre' and 'oyle Olive' to 'close the sore therwith'.
1617: William Harvey of the Royal College of Physicians publicly proposed that the blood circulates in the body, pumped into the arteries by the muscular walls of the heart. His discovery of the circulatory system destroyed previous theories of the ebb and flow of blood into the vessels, and disproved the theory of the four humors. Several scholars added to Harvey's theory, Richard Lower (1631-1691) showed that blood was effected by exposure to air in the lungs. Lower also conducted some of the first blood transfusions, firstly between two dogs, and even between sheep and man.
The transfusion of blood has been practised in human medicine ever since, although with a high mortality rate. In many cases an allergic response was triggered. It was not until the compatability of blood groups was considered, and routine blood testing took place, that transfusions reached a reasonable success rate.
From the1631 edition of The Whole Art of Husbandry byConrad Heresbach:
'be great and in a fleshie part, or any other part where conveniently you may, best stitch it up with a needle and redde silke, then taynte it with Terpentine, Ware, & clarified Hogges-grease of each like quantitie, and halfe so much Verdigrease"
From the 1676 edition of Markham's Cheap and Good Husbandry:
'Of the Imposthume in the ear, Pole-evil, Fistula, Swelling after blood-letting, any gall'd back, Canker in the Withers, Sitfast, Wens, Navel-gall, or any hollow Ulcer. ... the most certain cure is to take clay of a Mud or Lome-wall, without Lime, the straws and all, and boyling it in strong vinegar, apply it plaister-wise to the sore, and it will of its own nature search to the bottom and heal it; provided, that if you see any dead or proud flesh arise, that then you either eat or cut it away.'
Yuk!
In his Gentleman's Farriery (1764), John Bartlet refers to La Fosse, farrier to the King of France, who had had success using puff-balls to stop bleeding, a method used about 160 years previously by the German surgeon Felix Wurtz on humans.
Bartlet's recommendations were applauded by John Wood in his A New Compendious Treatise of Farriery (1752) and for a soothing ointment for irritating wounds he advised:
'Take Half a Pound of Leaf-tobacco, and boil it in a Quart of Red Wine to a Pint. Then strain off the Liquor, and add to it Half a Pound of Tobacco finely Powdered, a Pound of Hogs-lard, a Quarter of a Pound of Rosin, four Ounces of Bees-Wax, and two Ounces of the Roots of Round-Birthwort in Powder. Make these Ingredients into an Ointment.
1761: The first organized teaching on animal medicine in Lyons, France followed soon by similar schools in England, Germany, and other European countries.
1776: The American Revolution
William Youatt (1776-1847): very influential veterinarian at this time who wrote books on The Horse, Cattle, Sheep, The Pig and The Dog. These works were the equivalent of modern-day textbooks, containing a wealth of information.
According to D.E. Allen in his essay Herbs for Herbivores: The Prehistory of Veterinary Medicine the “average farming household held very few if any books, supposing it had members who could read… By the eighteenth century, the Bible was reputedly accompanied in every Scottish croft by William Buchan’s Domestic Medicine (1769) and a copy of Culpeper’s Herbal…
1791: the founding of the London Veterinary College
1796: The British Royal Army Veterinary Service was founded in 1796 by public demand, outraged that more Army horses were being lost by ignorance and poor farriery than at the hands of the enemy. Parliamentary debate and media attention obliged the Committee of General Officers to take positive action and the Army Veterinary Service was born ‘to improve the practice of Farriery in the Corps of Cavalry’. A Principal, Professor Edward Coleman, was appointed and graduates of the London Veterinary School, of which Coleman was the Head, began to be recruited to the regiments of cavalry. John Shipp was the first veterinary surgeon commissioned into the Army. He joined the 11th Light Dragoons on 25 June 1796, a date now recognised as the Foundation Day of the RAVC - John Shipp Day.
1809: Scottish anatomist Allan Burns demonstrates the association of high blood pressure with angina (chest pain) and sudden death due to heart attacks (which had previously been attributed to "acts of God") The demonstration is still valid today: put a tourniquet on your bicep and then exercise the arm. It won't be long until extreme fatigue and pain sets in and the arm goes limp. Remove the tourniquet and soon all is well. This mimics what happens to the heart if coronary arteries (arteries supplying the heart with blood and nutrients) are restricted due to clogging (the most common form of severe heart disease today)
1816: French physician Rene Laennec devises the stethoscope which magnifies the cardiac sounds allowing us to detect murmers and valvular diseases. Midwifes were using something similar to a stethoscope to listen for the presence of a fetal heart beat, so I'm reluctant to give Dr Laennec too much credit for his "invention", but the interesting thing about the stethoscope is that he apparently devised it to keep from putting his ear up against the bosom of his female patients, which he thought improper! (No wonder it took so long to invent the thing)
Note: the above story about Dr Rene Laennec may not be 100% accurate. Other related stories indicate that the good doctor may have been telling a white lie to be polite; maybe he was a fussy sort of person and didn't want to get too close to patients who stunk. Or maybe he had an inkling that physicians that got too close to sick patients might also get the disease. And maybe he shouldn't get too much credit at all; midwives had been using a similar cone device for centuries to listen to fetal heartbeats
1833
Hog cholera first reported in the U.S. This one disease will play a major role in the history of U.S. veterinary medicine. Click here to read about this major disease and the long and interesting battle to eventually eradicate this disease from our country. (coming soon)
1842
The first surgical anesthetic use of ether is credited to Dr. Crawford Williamson Long, MD, age 27, of Jefferson, Georgia. On March 30, 1842, he removed one of the two tumors from the neck of Mr. James Venable under ether anesthesia. Apparently, he had used ether for minor surgery as early as 1841, and had originally learned about ether during "ether frolics" while in medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. Unfortunately for Dr. Long, he did not publish the results until 1848, appearing in The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. This was well after W.T.G. Morton's demonstration. Therefore, the credit of the discovery was initally given to Morton.
1843
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia first introduced into the U.S.
1845 The Hypodermic syringe was invented in the mid nineteenth century. In 1845 Francis Rynd, an Irish physician, developed the hypodermic needle. Six years later Tabourin, a French veterinarian, made various improvements to the syringe. The invention of the hypodermic syringe, however, is largely attributed to Alexander Wood, a physician from Edinburgh. The hypodermic syringe significantly added to the tools available to the veterinary surgeon, it's earliest use was for the injection of morphine, used as an anaesthetic in surgery.
1853 The first veterinary school in North America is established in Mexico! Canada would be next to start veterinary programs (in the 1860's)
1855 First professional veterinary journal in the U.S.
1860's
1860
Farmers made up 58 percent of the labor force.
1861
Civil War began.
Major Veterinary Colleges are well established in Europe (Edinburgh, London, Alfort, and Berlin) long before schools are started in the U.S. Like future veterinary schools in the U.S. they are oriented toward scientific investigation and eradication of diseases.
1862
USDA created.
Morrill Land-Grant College Act authorized public land grants for colleges to teach agriculture and mechanic arts.
Homestead Act passed.
1863 U.S. Veterinary Medical Association started
1864
Pasteurization invented.
1865
Slavery abolished by 13th amendment to the Constitution. (And of course, by the price paid in thousands of lives in War)
1866
Gregor Mendel showed that traits pass from parents to offspring, the foundation of modern genetics.
1867
First patent issued for barbed-wire fencing.
Refrigerator railroad car patented.
USDA began research on animal disease.
1869
First transcontinental railroad completed.
Gypsy moth accidentally brought into the U.S. from France; established in Medford, MA.
Suez Canal opened.
First practical spring-toothed harrow patented; eliminated breaking teeth on roots and stones.
Dmitry Mendeleyev published the organizational groundwork for the periodic table of elements.
1870s
1870
Of gainfully employed persons, 47.4 percent were engaged in agriculture. This was the first time that farmers were a minority.
Foot-and-mouth disease first reported in the U.S.
First systematized, synchronous meteorological report ever taken in the U.S. was read and transmitted by telegraph.
European trained veterinarians...many of whom have trained in the labs of Louis Pasteur, Lister, and Robert Koch migrate to America bringing with them the idea of diseases being caused by "germs". These relatively well trained veterinarians play a big role in our country's early fight against the major diseases of the time.
Glanders disease in horses (and people) was so devastating during the civil war...as were outbreaks of respiratory disease outbreaks and "Texas Fever" in cattle and cholera in swine, that these were primary issues used to justify the establishment of veterinary schools.
1872
The "Great Epizootic Outbreak of Equine Catarrh" sickened a large percentage of horses. Officials blamed the illnesses of fire engine horses for the poor response of fire crews that allowed a fire to destroy much of Boston's downtown. Such events fuel the call for veterinary schools and government involvement modeled after European programs.
1873
Grasshoppers became a serious pest in the West.
The Washington navel orange introduced into California with trees secured from Brazil by USDA.
Aberdeen-Angus bulls imported from Scotland.
1874
Mennonites make first important introductions of wheat from Turkey into Kansas.
Glidden barbed-wire patent granted.
Mechanical refrigeration invented.
27 pioneering veterinarians met in Toronto to form the Ontario Veterinary Medical Association. This launched a new era of organized veterinary medicine in Canada and the association would later become incorporated by statute in 1879 as the Ontario Veterinary Association. This important date in the history of Ontario’s veterinary profession marked the beginning of a long, hard struggle to attain "true professional status" and the privilege of self-governance that the profession enjoys today.
The inception of organized veterinary medicine in Ontario came about early in the province’s history, considering Upper Canada had been virtually an empty region only 90 years before. Across the border, in the older states, veterinary organization was still in its fledgling stages, and in Great Britain, Queen Victoria had approved of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons only 35 years earlier.
The beginnings of veterinary work in Ontario are rooted in the history of its agricultural community. Settlers required growing veterinary attention for their livestock and by the 1860's, the advent of travel by steamship and railway stimulated a greater need for better animal care as livestock became more vulnerable to European diseases. Hog cholera, foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, and other serious animal diseases were breaking out in the U.S., causing heavy losses and threatening to infect Canadian stock.
Unease over this situation and the lack of scientific training and diplomas to practice veterinary medicine prompted the establishment of a veterinary teaching college for Canada. Andrew Smith was appointed to head the new college and in 1862, he began by giving supplementary lectures in veterinary subjects to agricultural students in Toronto. Smith went on to form the private Upper Canada Veterinary School, and its successor, the Ontario Veterinary College (OVC), which is today, the oldest veterinary school in Canada and the United States.
The first class of three young men received their diplomas in 1866. In contrast, the 1999 graduating class of the Ontario Veterinary College has 99 students, and 67 of these are women.
In 1871, the veterinary profession reached another milestone when the Agriculture and Arts Act of Ontario was amended to provide that no one should append their name to the title of veterinary surgeon unless certified by a veterinary college. The Veterinary Science Practice Act of 1931 broadened the scope of veterinary medicine by extending to include domestic animals as well as livestock. The Ontario Veterinary Association, now the College of Veterinarians of Ontario, became a corporate body empowered to govern its members and issue licenses to practice. Veterinary medicine had grown from its origins in blacksmithing and horseshoeing.
Today, Ontario, "the cradle of veterinary science in America" has over 3300 licensed veterinarians and over 1150 practices.
(I obviously copied the above section from the Ontario Vet School website. I assume it's accurate. RR)
1875
First state agricultural experiment station established at Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT.
1876 Our 100th Birthday!
Telephone patented by Alexander Graham Bell.
Germ theory of disease verified. It takes a little time, but this changes everything!
Kudzu ("The vine that ate the South") brought over to US to World Expostition celebrating our Centennial in Philadelphia. Click here for more information about this amazing a frustrating plant... maybe we should introduce it to Iraq and Afgahnastan.
Charles Darwin wrote the first complete analysis and description of hybrid vigor called Cross- and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom.
From the Cornell Veterianary College website: The history of the teaching of veterinary medicine at Cornell predates the establishment of the college in 1894. Shortly after the university was founded in 1865, Ezra Cornell insisted that a chair of veterinary medicine be instituted. He instructed Andrew D. White, the university's first president, to seek the best-qualified person to teach courses in veterinary medicine and surgery.
President White secured the services of Dr. James Law, an already distinguished veterinarian and teacher, who was a graduate of the Edinburgh Veterinary College in Scotland. Dr. Law became the first professor of veterinary medicine in the United States, and thus Cornell was the first American university to accord veterinary medicine equal rank with other sciences.
When the university opened in the fall of 1868, Dr. Law's first classes included students who were working toward degrees in agriculture and the biological sciences, as well as those pursuing veterinary degrees. At Law's urging, Cornell set much higher requirements for a veterinary degree than any other institution at that time. Four years of study were required for a bachelor of veterinary science (BVSc) and an additional two years for a doctor of veterinary medicine (DVM).
In 1876, Cornell was the first university in the United States to award a DVM degree to Daniel E. Salmon, who had been a member of the university's first entering class and received the BVSc degree in 1872.
Dr. Salmon became the founding chief of the US Bureau of Animal Industry and is best known today for identifying the infectious pathogen Salmonella and pioneering the fight against contagious diseases.
Funding to construct a veterinary building was provided by the state in 1894 at the time of the charter of the New York State Veterinary College. When the college first opened for classes in the fall of 1896, there were six professors, two instructors, and 11 students.
The scholastic requirement for entrance was a high school diploma, a high standard at the time.
Women have played an important role in the college since its early days. Florence Kimball, the first woman in the United States to receive the DVM degree, graduated from Cornell in 1910. Seven of the first 11 women to become licensed veterinarians in this country were Cornell graduates.
1877
Desert Land Act encouraged development of irrigation in arid lands; offered land at 25 cents per acre if irrigated and cultivated for 3 years.
United States Entomological Commission established to study grasshoppers.
British traders sent seed of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) from Brazil to Malaya; began Asian dominance of rubber market.
1878
Milking machine invented.
Formalized veterinary education began at Iowa State College, making it the oldest state veterinary college. This may seem to contradict Cornell's claim to be the first, but note that Iowa claims to be the first STATE vet college.
1880's
One farmer out of every four was a tenant farmer.
Of gainfully employed persons, 49 percent were engaged in agriculture.
Evaporated milk developed.
From the Iowa Veterinary School website:
Small town veterinarians were not common until the 1880s and 90s, and Iowa’s first veterinarians were generally concerned with large animal (farm livestock) practice. Farmers sent for the veterinarian by messenger and later by telephone. The vet gathered his tools and medicines and went to the farm in his buggy.
While the vet was making rounds, his clinic was left open for passing farmers to wait inside. Inside the clinic, a cage separated doctor’s pharmacy area from his waiting room. The cage prevented farmers from borrowing what they thought they needed while the vet was out on a call!
Most farmers felt they knew as much as the veterinarian and practiced a great deal of self-help medicine on their animals. A veterinary license was not needed until the turn of the century; until that time the vet competed with the farmer and any “quack” medicine a patent company chose to put out.
The vet himself often developed his own specific formulas for medicines and acted as his own drug store. Balance scales, mortars, and apothecary bottles were standard equipment for the veterinary clinic.
Early veterinary medicine suffered from the same constraints as human medicine. Germ theory was not a fixed institution until the late 1890s and medicines were often opium or alcohol based. However, veterinarians were medical pioneers. Their work in eliminating diseases such as hog cholera and bovine forms of malarial fevers provided ground work for later advances in human immunization, disease theory and food safety inspection. Vets were pioneers in surgery as well; they perfected pins and screws for shattered bones and artificial joints in animals before these concepts were applied to human medicine.
1882
Modern cream separator invented.
Tubercle bacillus isolated by German bacteriologist. USDA scientist one of the first to chemically analyze it.
1883
Methods developed to detect food adulteration; precursor to Pure Food and Drug Act.
1884
First Federal animal quarantine law enacted.
Faced with major disease epidemics in our equine and livestock populations the Bureau of Animal Industry established. The BIA plays the major role in defining the veterinary profession until it is dissolved in 1953. All the major efforts to understand and eradicate diseases in our country's livestock, the entire food inspection industry, the number one employer of veterinarians in different roles, and the number one influence on what will be taught in veterinary schools is dominated by this political-scientific-professional-government bureau. The BIA is frequently criticized and suffers it's share of political controversies...including the resigning of the BIA first and long time director Dr. Daniel Salmon in possible wrong doing...but overall the BIA accomplishments are largely responsible for a country that would become the world's most awesome and primier producer of wholesome food.
More on the BIA: within 5 years achieves much success in controlling Texas Tick Fever using scientific investigative methods.
The German Imperial General Staff established the world's very first Military War Dog School, at Lechernich, near Berlin, and started to train dogs as sentries and as messengers; the dog units were first mentioned officially in 1884, and again in 1886, in their Army's Field Service Regulations, for work with their armed services. Visit the superb website about the history of military dogs in germany and other countries
1885
First fungicide invented from lime and copper sulphate, known as the Bordeaux mixture.
1886
Injected killed, whole-cell vaccine of hog cholera into pigeons to demonstrate immunity to subsequent administration of a live microbial culture.
1887
Hatch Experiment Station Act provided Federal grants to states for agricultural experimentation.
1888
Office of Experiment Stations established.
Refrigerated boxcars made first long-haul shipments of produce and meat.
Vedalia beetles imported from Australia to control fluted scale on citrus, the first successful biological control program of a crop pest.
1889
Department of Agriculture given cabinet status.
1890's
Developed simple test to determine butterfat content of milk.
The second Morrill Land-Grant College Act authorized separate land-grant colleges for Negroes—17 were established.
Meat Inspection Act authorized inspection of salted pork, bacon, and live animals intended for export, and the quarantine of imported animals. But this only applied to exported meat!
Of gainfully employed persons, 43 percent were engaged in agriculture.
"Horse Doctors" have a lowly reputation/stereotype of being duplicitous, cigar-chomping, and eqated with the social position of drunken grooms and vulgar farm hands. Susan Jones, in her book "Valuing Animals" quotes an veterinarian (Harvard vet school grad R.J. Dinsmore) remembering that in the 1890's that "Nobody was laughed at more than the horse doctor. Horse doctors were supposed to be a coarse, ignorant group who had made a failure of blacksmithing or farming and had turned to 'doctoring'. That they actually knew anything about medicine was an absurb notion".
Robert Jennings remembered that his efforts to establish the first veterinary school i Philadelphia foundered because "young men of education and respectability would not engage in a profession of so low a standing"
It's not surprising that because of the above stereotyping of so called horse doctors, legitimate veterinary school graduates of this era push for legislation for licensure and state practice acts restricting veterinary care to lincensed veterinarians of accredited veterinary schools.
This is an era when more and more Americans are getting their meats not from local farmers but rather from huge meat packing companies. In 1890, for example, over 5 million beef cattle are processed in the slaughter houses of Chicago; the center of meat packing in the U.S. Problems, unhealthy practices, and consumer concerns in this industry will soon lead to major state and national food safety regulations involving thousands of veterinarians during future decades.
Nitrifying bacteria isolated from soil.
1891
First comprehensive list of animal and human parasites developed; today it comprises more than 30 volumes.
Bacteria shown to cause plant diseases, including tumors.
Antibodies proposed as responsible for immunity.
1892
First successful gasoline engine farm tractor built by John Froelich.
Viruses discovered.
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia eradicated.
Cotton boll weevil found near Brownville, TX.
1893
Cause of cattle tick fever discovered; demonstrated that a disease-producing microorganism could be transmitted by an arthropod from one animal to another.
1894
Carey Land Grant Act granted land to western states after irrigation provided by the states.
1895
Insects shown to spread plant diseases.
From the Washington State Veterinary College website:
Sept. 3, 1895
The Washington Legislature creates the office of State Veterinarian specifying that they also be the Professor of Veterinary Science at the college and a member of the State Board of Health. Sofus Bertelson Nelson, a native of Denmark, an Iowa State College graduate, and Spokane practitioner, is appointed to the post by the Board of Regents. Veterinary activities begin immediately at the college. The original curriculum is not a professional program but is a series of courses intended to supplement agriculture courses or provide preliminary training for students wishing to transfer to another school to complete veterinary degrees. Tuition and room fees are free for Washington residents.
The Board of Regents authorizes President Enoch A. Bryan to have a, "shed constructed at the south end of the armory for the veterinary department, the cost not to exceed $60.00."
1905 A four-year curriculum leading to a B.S. is introduced alongside the three-year curriculum. The curricula are conducted simultaneously until 1917 when the three-year program is abolished. Also this year, Wyatt E. Ralston, an Ohio State graduate, is added to the faculty as, "house surgeon." His salary is $900 per year.
Mar. 11, 1907
The first state Veterinary Practice Act is signed into law granting the governor the power to appoint an examining board composed of three graduate veterinarians, one to be the state veterinarian. All graduate veterinarians in the state are required to show proof of graduation by July 1. Non-graduate veterinarians who've practiced in the state for not less than two years are grandfathered in. Interestingly, graduates of human medical schools can become licensed veterinarians in Washington simply by showing proof of graduation.
Fall 1907
The first annual Vet-Pharmic football game is played. The event becomes a major campus attraction until 1957 when the advent of modern protective gear and concerns for student safety saw the contest fade away. The Pharmics are said to have won only three to four games over the years. For a time basketball games take the place of the football game but they lack the same appeal and they too, disappear in the 1960s. The annual football game is followed each year by the Hobo Dance. For the dance, male students and faculty grow their beards out in honor of the vagrant namesake of the dance. Dancing, drink, and merriment often flow into the following morning. It too, is done away with in 1957 after a particularly raucous occasion also raises concerns for student safety.
Nov. 13, 1914
Two cars of cattle enroute from Wisconsin to Roy, Wash. arrive in Spokane. Animal health officials have previously been warned that the animals had been exposed to foot-and-mouth disease in a St. Paul, Minn. stockyard. Quick action on the part of veterinarians, state agricultural officials, and a cooperative owner, stops a potential outbreak before it can happen. The positive diagnosis was made on Nov. 16 and by Nov. 21 all the cattle had been destroyed and cremated and all temporary holding pens, litter, etc. had been burned.
1920
The college's first African-American student, Winfred A. Jordan, graduates. Jordan is a transfer student from the soon-too-close San Francisco Veterinary College.
1926
The first roads are pushed into Ilwaco, Washington. Prior to this, all transportation to the area was by boat, hindering veterinary care among the coastal farms.
1896
1897
Tea Importation Act passed, the first U.S. law regulating food products.
Concluded that disease could be caused by depriving body of certain substances, later defined as vitamins.
1898
Congress authorized testing of seeds purchased on open market.
The college of Veterinary Medicine at Washington State University was founded in 1899 beginning with a single $60 shed. It is the fifth oldest veterinary college in the United States and sixth oldest among the veterinary colleges in the U.S. and Canada. From these modest beginnings, the Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine has developed into a multi-million dollar state-of-the-art complex serving the entire Pacific Northwest
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